Zhu, Q., et al. Harnessing phytochemicals: Innovative strategies to enhance cancer immunotherapy.

Drug Resist Updat, 2025 Mar, 79:101206. PMID: 39933438

The article explores the promising role of phytochemicals, particularly saponins like Quil A and its derivative QS-21 from Quillaja saponaria, in enhancing cancer immunotherapy. It highlights how these compounds can modulate the tumor microenvironment and boost immune responses by activating T-lymphocytes and improving antigen presentation. The study discusses the immunogenic properties of QS-21 and its ability to enhance the efficacy of tumor vaccines by stimulating robust immune responses against cancer cells. Additionally, QS-21 has been shown to synergize with other immunotherapies, amplifying their overall effectiveness.

Despite their potential, challenges such as individual variability in microbiota composition, tumor heterogeneity, and issues with bioavailability and pharmacokinetics limit the clinical efficacy of these compounds. The authors advocate for large-scale clinical trials to validate the safety and effectiveness of phytochemicals in immunotherapy. They also emphasize the need for advanced drug delivery systems and a multi-omics approach to personalize treatment strategies, ultimately aiming to improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes.

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